here's the etymology for rig
rig (v.) late 15c., originally nautical, "to fit with sails," probably from a Scandinavian source (cf. Dan., Norw. rigge "to equip," Swed. rigga "to rig"), though these may be from English. Slang meaning "to pre-arrange or tamper with results" is attested from 1938.
Related: Rigged; rigging.rig (n.) "distinctive arrangement of sails, masts, etc. on a ship," 1822, from rig (v.); extended to horse vehicles (1831), which led to sense of "truck, bus, etc." (1851).
The phrase "jury rigged" has been in use since at least 1788 per the Oxford English Dictionary
From Webster's 1828 dictionary
RIG, v.t.
1. to dress; to put on; when applied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous word, to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting or unusual dress.
Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace, with a feather in his cap.
2. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.
3. To rig a ship, in seamen''s language, is to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their respective masts and yards.
RIG, n. [See the Verb.]
1. Dress; also, bluster.
2. A romp; a wanton; a strumpet.
To run the rig, to play a wanton trick.
To run the rig upon, to practice a sportive trick on.
Webster's 1913
Rig, n.
1. (Naut.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.]
Rig, v. t. To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or Prov.] Tusser. To rig the market (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or trick. [Cant]
It was also applied to horse gear and gun leather by the mid-late 1800's when it shows up in the writings of the time.