I doubt one shot will grow the barrel.
1/10,000" (.0001") is the measurement you are looking for. I would think at a full 1/1,000" (.001"), the barrel is already rupturing and is probably visible as a ring inside a clean barrel. It is certainly something you can feel - WITH A TIGHT PATCH
You can test that of course, with a normal shot before the test, then let it cool and re-test with the proof load.
If you think the heat enlarged the barrel, let it cool and measure it then.
I have never been able to discern the heat of a single shot with my hand, even in the 1 1/8" .69 burning over 160gr. of 2F.
edited to include "With a tight patch"