While shooting the ALR Covid Postal match with Taylor this winter, I loaded patched ball without on several occasions. Talking too much, I assume.
I simply pulled the nipple and dribbled in some 4F, tilted the rifle tapped the breech plug with the starter's knob, then re-seated the nipple & fire the ball out.
All 3 times, the ball actually went through the 3/4" plywood target board at 25 yards range. Flinters are easier, it seems, as the pan holds more 4F at a time
and no nipple to fiddle with. Other times, we've just used a ball screw and pulled the "load".
I've never used a CO2 dis-charger, but guess they'd work OK.