Bob, first off welcome to the Forum. We're talking Southern iron mounted rifles here, so barrels were browned predominately, but some were left in the white. as for the hardware, butt plate, trigger guard, and thimbles, the are generally blackened, which is after forging they are treated with bee's wax or BLO while still hot. The stock, is stained any way you want, the main color comes mostly from the use of A/F aqua fortis. Most on this site go that way, but a number of guys use other stains, but almost no one gets a can of modern stain from the hardware store. Finish is anything from Tung, oil, to BLO, to bee's wax. Search the archives for more specific info, and ask questions. We welcome newbies, and nobody bites, cept Don Getz, and only when he's hungry, or hasn't had his morning coffee. Hope that gets you started.
Bill