Down South,
I can concur with much of what you are saying, especially about how guarded with heirlooms most of us are who have Southern genes going far back into the Colonial Period, but one thing confuses me a little and I'd like for you to clear it up for me:
You say Appalachian work generally dates to after 1850, and I'm not sure that I fully understand where you are coming from with that. You may be on to something that I'm not aware of, and this interests me being as I'm the "distilled product" of the Southern Appalachian Culture and scour the Mountains at home collecting old stuff.
Luke: Good observation! But....I don't think it was originally a blowing horn for calling in the dogs and here's why. A blowing horn, more commonly called a "Fox Horn" where I grew up, would typically be about a foot long around the curve plus or minus an inch or so, and it would be SHAVED THIN! The large open end would be probably no more than 2 1/2 inches across. The sound from a small horn like this will carry much further. A big thick horn will give a hollow bell sound that doesn't carry far even on a cold still night in the wintertime. Notice how thick this old original horn is....never shaved down any it looks like. I've seen a dozen or more fox horns growing up, have my Grandfather's old horn dating back only to the 1920's and one original that Ron Ehlert gave me that's a hundred plus years old and all are as I describe. Just my thoughts and I could be wrong!