This is a .530 ball and the bone it broke in killing a Mule Deer doe at 25 yards or so.
Note that the ball is flattened from both sides. I suspect the smoother side is from striking a rib after breaking the leg bone and then tumbling. The ball still tracked straight, took out the heart and lodged against the far side hide. Was fired from a piece of Green Mountain rifle barrel about 8" with the breech, prercussion. 70 grains of FFFG. It liked a lot of powder to shoot well.
I have shot completely through antelope at 25-30 yards with a 50 cal with a 5-6" barrel and 45 grains of FFFG.
Same pistol shot diagonally through a Mule Deer buck from the heavy shoulder muscles to the offside hide at the diaphragm.
Testing with baffle boards indicates that this pistol would penetrate about as well at 25 yards as a 50 caliber rifle would at 200.
A friend killed several deer with it after I sold it. He also head shot a cornered cow elk who charged him (yeah really) after a hunter he was guiding shot a leg off her and he chased her out onto a rimrock.
The standard length ML pistol say 8" +- is perfectly capable to about 50 yards if the user can shoot it well and does load development.
Dan