Hey, Spud -- Early-on in my interest in black powder, I read of a browning process involving water and iodine. Tried it, and it worked fine. Purchase a large bottle of iodine (medical supply place should have it), or two or three "regular" bottles. Swab the iodine over the barrel with cotton balls (wear rubber gloves unless you want to walk around with red fingers for days and days and days . . .), swabs, whatever. Place several small bowls or one large one of water on a safe (something you don't want rusted . . .) surface, suspend the iodine-swabbed barrel over them, cover the whole shebang with a piece(s) of plastic (dry-cleaning bags, trash bags, whatever) and wait a day or two. Remove plastic cover, wipe off the rust scale, assess the degree of browning, re-swab barrel with iodine, if necessary, and repeat. To check progress, use some 0000 steel wool to remove the rust scale to see how the browning progresses. Repeat process until the browning is acceptable, remove the rust scale with the steel wool, oil the barrel, and you're there. Worked fine for me. -- paulallen, tucson