I have an extensive chemistry background, I am not speculating. The ingredients of concern are salts. They are easily dissolved in water. Think about it, if you had a dried salty mess in the kitchen, would you use pee?, ammonia solution?, oil?, or water to clean it up? Water right? The fouling does not consist of acids that need to be neutralized. Any weak acids, like sulfurous, will be flushed out by water. Pee, ammonia solution and such only works because they're mostly water. Urea and ammonia are not good to put on steel. They will promote rust too. People make this much more complicated than it needs to be.
BTW, Yes, I have shot lots of corrosive high power ammo. I bought and shot, cases of 8mm and 303 corrosive ammo. It is not a big deal. No magic involved. Thoroughly flushing the barrel with water and then cleaning as usual, it works perfectly. I never had a speck of rust in any rifle from corrosive ammo. Just plain old water, really.
The problem comes when water is avoided as a cleaning agent. Some think that water is bad. They get nervous abut putting water in their rifle. They can 't say why but it give them the "willies". Actually, water is free and is the most effective solvent. There is nothing better.