If we never read a ballistic chart or a magazine article we wouldn't know the shortcomings of the ballistic coefficient of the round ball. When I was in my early twenties I had a CVA Kentucky in .45 caliber. When me and my buddies would shoot things such as cans, barrels or just stuff my holes would be gigantic compared to their 30-30s 30.06s and such. They always thought that my 45 muzzleloader was a power house compared to their small bore smokeless rifles because it made bigger holes in stuff. This is because they never read Elmer Keith and Jack O'Conner or Jim Carmichael like I did.
Because of my reading about the poor round ball ballistics I was ruined for a while. I later got me a T.C Hawken and used the 50 Maxi in several deer. All were pass through shots even one a 125 yards. I shot the thing a lot and it kicked and bruised my face like a mule. Then I started reading traditional Muzzleloading magazines and read stories about using round balls on deer. I was getting the urge to use a long rifle with a proper projectile because I was reading stories that the word "Coefficient" was no where to be found in the book. Just lead, patching, powder, flints and dead deer.
I shot a lot back then and I came to the conclusion that I could shoot more if I would use a round ball and it wouldn't hurt so bad either. Low and behold how amazed I was when I shot the first deer with a round ball in .50 caliber. At normal hunting distances of say out to 40 yards they bled out quick even out of one hole sometimes. Then I tried the .45 CVA on a deer at around 50 yards. I still have that ball somewhere. It looks like a miniature flying saucer.
I don't think anything could survive a round ball through the lungs at high speed if the round ball is matched to the game. Make a good shot, sit back and pour a cup of coffee, light up a Camel, relax and say to yourself "man that was a good shot and a good hit". Every time I have heard someone say certain rifle either modern or Muzzleloading failed to kill the animal , I always came to the conclusion that it was a poorly placed shot. Sorry for the long winded post.
Bob