Most of the castings I do in silver and gold are lost wax, centrifugal castings. However, when I need something fast, I often use cuttlebone. As noted by ScottH, you can carve out an impression and then pour it full of silver or gold. But when you carve out the cavity, the cuttlebone is not compressed and a lot of detail is lost as the cuttle bone chars during the solidification of the metal. The surface has a very coarse "wood grain" appearance. However, depending on what you are trying to cast, you can squeeze a pattern between two prepared pieces of cuttle bone and make an imprint in the soft bone. This leaves a much more dense surface that will yield much better detail in the final casting. In general, this will allow you to quickly cast a piece in the approximate shape and size you are after, but considerable refinement will need to be applied to get a final part.
There are several youtube videos that show some not very talented people doing cuttlebone casting. At least the ones I have seen aren't very good. The process can yield much better castings than the videos I have seen show, but again, as Scott points out, this is not lost wax casting or even Delft clay casting.