I'm assuming that you are referring to a smoothbore ? What barrel is it ? I have had my best results when using shot , if I stick with # 4 size. Patched balls were OK, but I prefer paper cartridges. My gun is actually a 10 bore, and I shoot 80 gr of 2 F under a 100 gr bulk measure of shot for small game. Ducks, geese, turkeys get 100 gr 2 F under 1 1/2 oz to 2 oz of #4 shot [ Bismuth for waterfowl ] For deer I'll sometimes go with 100 gr of 2F and a .715 ball , but for black bear and moose I load 120 gr 2 F I used to go with 140 gr FFg but no longer find that necessary at the distances I typically shoot here. The 120 gr load has given complete pass through on every animal I've taken , so the 140 gr load was for a flatter trajectory, not more power.