I work up a load that gives the best group in the rifle, and use that load for matches as well as hunting. I shoot the rifle a bunch at unknown yardages and learn where to aim to hit the target at longer yardages. I have used a .54 cal rifle for many years and have gotten extremely comfortable with it. In my head I will not take a shot if the deer is over 125 yards. This particular rifle shot best with 70 grains of FFF, .535 ball and thick pillow ticking. This load was dead on at 25 yards and 50 yards, about 2 inches low at 75 yards, and 5 1/2 low at 100 yards. The 25 yard group is an elongated hole, about the size of a quarter at 50 yards, and printed a 1 1/2 inch group at 100 yds. Most of the deer I have taken with this rifle were under 50 yards, but I have taken five deer in the 100 yard range. At the longer range I raise my point of aim to just under the line of the spine with the goal of putting the ball in the lung area. It works for me. This rifle has shot very consistent for me over the many years I have used it and it has increased my confidence level a bunch. The variation is in me and not in the rifle.
Roger Sells