Any evidence civilians used paper cartridges in their smoothbores?
While it would be quite hard to find evidence for certain, but it's easily within the realm of possibility. One advantage of the smoothbore over a rifle is fast reloading, and nothing reloads faster than an easily fabricated paper cartridge. There are reasons why muzzleloading smoothbore muskets were one of the top selling firearms up through the taming of our last frontier.
Clark some time ago on this site, we had a thread on paper ctgs. for rifles - likely 6 to 10 years ago. Several members at that time tested them and came to pretty much the same results
as I had in my 14 bore rifle. Equal accuracy to well patched round balls. There was a stickler though - the patched ball had to be engraved on the patch by the rifling when loaded. Dphar and B
Strickling had the similar results to mine.
I hunted with these loads during the "special weapons" (ML or archery)moose season in Northern B.C.- Oft times the temperature would drop to -40, or even colder- once it was -65F.
That is cold hunting & we were living in a tent.
In training for that hunting, I practiced with the mink oil patched ball first shot, then paper ctg's after that. After practicing I was able to shoot - then time started and could load and shoot an
aimed second shot in 8 seconds. I thought that was pretty fair as it beat the military musket timing of 3 shots per minute.
For capping, I used a 'wheel' capper made of leather that Taylor made for me. It was very fast & holds 24 caps around it's periphery.
So- paper ctg. loading can be very fast with a rifle, as well.
My buddy Keith had a rifle by Taylor, Track's Purdey style in .75 cal. (Getz deep round grooved bl.)that also shot well with the ctgs. although he could only fire 3 before needing a light 'cleaning'
load with a wet patched ball. Mine, a GRRW bl. with square rifling was able to fire 10 accurate shots before needing a cleaning load to be fired. That was faster than swabbing the bore & allowed
another 10 accurate ctg. shots.