Thanks for showing this, Rich.
I have a very similar tool I made of maple and a 6" mill file. I use it for squaring up the edges of handsaws (the tips of the teeth) before sharpening them. Basically the same as squaring the edge of a chainsaw bar, which is what you mentioned this thing is sold for.
When you hand inlet barrels, do you put a light chamfer on the side flats? I find that to be helpful. With that, the barrel tightens a little as it goes in, so the inlet for the side flats is not square, by a couple degrees. I just hold a file with my finger tips to do the step you are doing with this tool.
I do try to get the inlet tight. And then I push it backward (pecking the muzzle, protected, for course) to be sure it is seated correctly and squared against the back of the breach inlet. If I need to trim the inlet there at all to get it to print as I want, then it will of course move back, and the taper will cause the barrel to become more loose as it moves (except at the muzzle flare, where it will tighten). So it's important that it be snug to start with. Then when all that is figured out, I relieve any spots that I think are too tight, so that it will come in and out without binding.