Sometimes where a bit is breaking through the far side, there is just too much metal for the flutes to carry it up, and the drill goes from 2400 rpm to 0. If it doesn't slip in the chuck, which often happens, the drill shatters. Meanwhile, you're still applying pressure, and the broken stub is pressed into the pieces of jammed drill bit and the hole, causing a catastrophic pit rather than a nice clean hole.
I'll bet you won't do it again, now that you know what that breaking through feels like, and you'll bring the bit through the other side with control.